Separation of Powers
The division of government into distinct branches (executive, legislative, judicial) that check and balance each other.
Explanation
Separation of powers divides government into independent branches — typically executive, legislative, and judicial — each with its own powers and responsibilities. The idea, rooted in Montesquieu's political philosophy, is that concentrating all power in one body invites tyranny. In the United States, this principle is strongly enforced: the president, Congress, and Supreme Court operate independently with checks on each other. In parliamentary systems, the separation is weaker because the executive (prime minister and cabinet) emerges from the legislature. Judicial independence from political influence is a key component in all systems.
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